When he left Russia following the 1917 Revolution, Prokofieff's diaries were recovered from the family flat in Petrograd and later hidden (at considerable personal risk by Myaskovsky).

Prokofieff himself smuggled them out of the country after his first return to the Soviet Union in 1927. The later diaries, written in the West, were brought back by legal decree after the composer's death, to be kept in a special, inaccessible section of the Russian State Archive. Eventually Prokofieff's son, Sviatoslav, was allowed to transcribe the voluminous contents; when he and his son Sergei eventually emigrated to Paris they undertook the gigantic task of reproducing the partially encoded manuscript in an intelligible form. Volume 1 covers the bulk of the Prokofieff's years at the St Petersburg Conservatoire ending with his triumphant graduation.

Simultaneously attached to and exasperated by the traditions exemplified at this time by such famous men as Rimsky-Korsakov, Glazunov, Lyadov, Tcherepnin, the relentlessly brash young genius relishes the power of his talent to irritate, challenge and finally overcome the establishment, alongside unusually candid revelations of the all-too-normal preoccupations of a young man flexing his muscles in society.