First, the concept of modes is discussed in detail, as well as modal harmony and composition. Their use in conventional jazz tunes as well as modal ones is explored. Next, chord scales and their application over specific chords, left hand voicings for blues, blues progression variations, and pentatonic scales are covered in detail. The chapter on pentatonics also includes inversions or positions for pentatonics, their application over specific chords, and even the use of altered pentatonics.